In testimony before the House Small Business Committee, Donald Marron examines how tax policy affects small business. Complying with the tax code places a disproportionate burden on small businesses. On the other hand, small businesses are more likely to underpay their taxes, sometimes inadvertently, sometimes not. Tax reform could shift the relative tax burden of small and large businesses and recalibrate the balance between pass-through and C corporation structures. The effect will depend on the details and may vary among businesses of different sizes, industries, and organizational forms. Reform also provides an opportunity to reduce compliance burdens on small businesses.